{"id":384,"date":"2026-06-10T20:57:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T20:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordfocus.news\/?p=384"},"modified":"2026-06-10T20:59:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T20:59:31","slug":"liran-usa-il-grumman-f-14-tomcat-americano-nella-guerra-in-medio-oriente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordfocus.news\/?p=384","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Iran usa il Grumman F-14 Tomcat americano nella Guerra in Medio Oriente"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Iconico caccia bimotore di quarta generazione di origine americana protagonista di film di culto del passato, l’F-14 \u00e8 un velivolo che in realt\u00e0, nonostante pochi lo sappiano, ha avuto una prolifica carriera anche in servizio presso le Forze Aeree Iraniane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Il primo esemplare di F\u201314AM fotografato al termine dei lavori di aggiornamento. Credit: Shahram Sharifi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nell’immaginario collettivo, il Grumman F-14 Tomcat costituisce ancora oggi la rappresentazione vivente del potere aereo americano nella seconda met\u00e0 del XX secolo. Oltre che dalle eccellenti caratteristiche tecniche, tale fama \u00e8 stata cementata anche dal successo di alcuni film nei quali esso ha svolto un ruolo di primo piano, come The Final Countdown (in italiano: Countdown dimensione zero) del 1980 e, soprattutto, Top Gun del 1986. Pochi sanno per\u00f2 che, oltre alla Marina degli Stati Uniti d’America, anche le Forze Aeree di un paese oggi considerato acerrimo nemico degli USA, l’Iran, hanno impiegato estesamente il Tomcat per decenni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il \u201cProgetto Persian King\u201d dell\u2019Iran: l\u2019accordo con USA sugli aerei<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Nel corso dei primi anni ’70 del XX secolo, l’Iran, allora sotto la guida dello Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, si stava candidando a diventare la prima potenza militare del Medio Oriente\u00a0grazie anche alla partnership strategica con gli Stati Uniti d’America, i quali permettevano a Teheran di acquistare presso i conglomerati del complesso militare-industriale a Stelle e Strisce il meglio in fatto di tecnologia militare. Il mastodontico piano di riarmo iraniano era giustificato dal fatto che il Paese percepiva sia l’Unione Sovietica che i Paesi arabi della regione come minacce alla sua sopravvivenza e, allo stesso tempo, la leadership al potere nei palazzi imperiali favoleggiava sulla possibilit\u00e0 per l’Iran di tornare agli antichi fasti imperiali della Persia pre-islamica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Il primo F\u201314A consegnato all\u2019Iran in una foto in bianco e nero d\u2019epoca. Credit: San Diego Air & Space Museum Archives<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In questo contesto venne varato il \u201cProgetto Persian King\u201d in base al quale lo Sci\u00e0 negozi\u00f2 l’acquisto, a partire dal gennaio 1976, di 3 lotti comprendenti rispettivamente 30, 50 e 70-75 velivoli, per un totale di 150-155 Grumman F-14 A-GR (a seconda delle fonti consultate). Il contratto prevedeva inoltre l’addestramento negli USA degli equipaggi di volo e dei meccanici, la fornitura di ingenti scorte di pezzi di ricambio, il sostegno logistico in Iran da parte degli statunitensi e l’accesso all’intera gamma di armamenti in dotazione al velivolo, tra i quali spiccava il missile aria-aria a lungo raggio AIM-54A Phoenix, arma assai potente sviluppata dalla Hughes Aircraft Company per essere compatibile con il radar di scoperta AN\/AWG-9 dell’F-14. Con la combinazione F-14A-GR\/AN\/AWG-9\/AIM-54A in servizio presso la IIAF (la Forza Aerea Imperiale Iraniana), Mohammad Reza Palhavi era sicuro che il suo Paese fosse in grado di dominare i cieli del Medio Oriente almeno per i successivi 10 anni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Grumman F-14 Tomcat iraniani nella guerra contro l\u2019Iraq<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Rivoluzione Iraniana del 1979, la caduta dello Sci\u00e0 e l’instaurazione di un governo teocratico guidato dall’Ayatollah Ruhollah Mostafavi Musavi Khomeini, cambiarono in breve tempo tutti gli equilibri geopolitici nella regione trasformando la Repubblica Islamica dell’Iran in un acerrimo nemico degli Stati Uniti d’America e dell’Occidente in generale. Di questa situazione di marasma generale cerc\u00f2 di approfittare l’Iraq che, sotto la guida di \u1e62add\u0101m \u1e24usayn \u02bfAbd al-Maj\u012bd al-Tikr\u012bt\u012b, il 22 settembre 1980 lanci\u00f2 un’aggressione militare contro l’Iran che diede inizio ad una grande guerra convenzionale che dur\u00f2 8 anni, fino al 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonte ufficiale – Geopop<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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